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Premier Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine Denison, Mckinney, TX / patient Info / Conditions & Procedures / Pneumonia

Pneumonia

What is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs and varies in severity, from mild to life-threatening, especially in young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Causes of Pneumonia:

  • Bacterial infections: The most common cause of pneumonia, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the leading pathogen
  • Viral infections: Viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronaviruses (including COVID-19) can cause viral pneumonia
  • Fungal infections: Fungi like Histoplasma or Coccidioides can cause pneumonia, particularly in immunocompromised individuals
  • Aspiration pneumonia: Occurs when food, liquid, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs, leading to bacterial infection
  • Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Often caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in healthcare settings, affecting people already weakened by illness or surgery
  • Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments can increase vulnerability to pneumonia

Common Signs and Symptoms:

  • Cough, often with mucus or pus
  • Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
  • Chest pain or discomfort, especially when breathing or coughing
  • Fever, chills, and sweating
  • Fatigue and general weakness
  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (in some cases)
  • Confusion or mental changes, particularly in older adults

Popular Treatment Methods:

  • Antibiotics: For bacterial pneumonia, prescribed based on the suspected or identified bacteria
  • Antivirals: For viral pneumonia, antiviral medications may be used (e.g., for influenza or COVID-19)
  • Antifungal medications: For fungal pneumonia
  • Oxygen therapy: To improve oxygen levels in the blood for severe cases
  • Pain relievers and cough medicine: To alleviate symptoms
  • Hospitalization: For severe cases or those with complications, hospitalization may be required for intravenous antibiotics, fluids, and intensive care
  • Vaccination: Vaccines, such as the pneumococcal vaccine and the flu shot, can help prevent certain types of pneumonia

With prompt diagnosis and treatment, most cases of pneumonia improve, though some individuals, especially those with underlying health conditions, may experience complications. Vaccination and good hygiene practices are essential for prevention.