Emphysema

What is Emphysema?

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that involves damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, causing them to lose their elasticity. This leads to difficulty in exhaling air, trapping it in the lungs and reducing oxygen intake. It is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollution.

Causes of Emphysema:

• Cigarette smoking: The leading cause of emphysema
• Air pollution: Prolonged exposure to pollutants such as chemicals, dust, and fumes
• Genetics: In rare cases, a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to emphysema
• Occupational exposures: Exposure to harmful substances in the workplace (e.g., asbestos or coal dust)

Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Chronic cough
• Wheezing
• Fatigue
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Decreased ability to exercise

Popular Treatment Methods:

• Medications: Bronchodilators and steroids to reduce inflammation and open airways
• Oxygen therapy: For those with low oxygen levels in the blood
• Pulmonary rehabilitation: Exercises and education to improve lung function
• Surgical options: In severe cases, lung volume reduction surgery or a lung transplant may be considered

Emphysema is a progressive condition, meaning it worsens over time, but with proper management, symptoms can be alleviated, and quality of life improved.